Hanyoyin gwajin ASTM sune mafi kusancin abin da masu siye ke da yare na gama gari don kimanta fim ɗin shimfiɗa na'ura. Lokacin da mai siyarwa ya faɗi 'ASTM D882 ƙarfin tensile’ ko 'ASTM D1709 dart drop,’ suna nufin daidaitattun hanyoyin da ke bayyana yadda aka shimfiɗa fim ɗin, huda, tsage, da tasiri a ƙarƙashin yanayin sarrafawa. Sakamakon, karanta daidai, gaya muku ko fim ɗin zai riƙe pallet ɗinku a cikin sito ko ya gaza a kusurwar farko.
Wannan labarin ya rushe gwaje-gwajen ASTM waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga masu siyan fim ɗin na'ura, ya bayyana abin da kowace lamba ke nufi a aikace, kuma yana nuna yadda ake amfani da rahotannin gwaji don kwatanta masu samar da kayayyaki ba tare da batawa a cikin jargon ba.
Me yasa Ma'aunin ASTM ke da mahimmanci ga masu siye, Ba Labs Kawai ba
Yawancin ƙungiyoyin sayayya suna ganin rahoton gwajin ASTM azaman sha'awar dakin gwaje-gwaje. Ba haka ba ne. Taswirar gwajin da aka rubuta da kyau ita ce tsinkayar aikin filin - idan kun san taswirar gwajin waɗanne hanyoyin gazawa.. Fim mai ƙarancin kuzarin huda ASTM D5748 zai tsage kan kusurwoyin pallet masu kaifi. Fim ɗin da ke da ƙarancin ASTM D5458 manne zai buɗe cikin wucewa. Fim ɗin wanda girman ASTM D882 a lokacin hutu ya yi ƙasa sosai zai ɗauka a ƙarƙashin babban riga-kafi akan fim mikewa inji nannade.
Makullin shine a daina kula da bayanan gwaji azaman kayan ado na tallace-tallace kuma fara amfani da su azaman tacewa na fasaha. Gwaje-gwajen da aka bayyana a ƙasa sune waɗanda ke shafar kai tsaye ko kayan ku ya isa daidai.
Saukewa: ASTM D882: Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfafawa da Ƙarfafawa
ASTM D882 yana auna yadda samfurin fim ke amsawa lokacin da aka ja shi zuwa wasu wurare har ya karye. Gwajin ya ba da rahoton lambobi biyu masu mahimmanci:
- Ƙarfin ƙarfi a yawan amfanin ƙasa da lokacin hutu - ƙarfin kowane nisa naúrar fim ɗin zai iya jurewa kafin nakasu na dindindin (yawa) da kuma kafin fashewa (karya). Mafi girma gabaɗaya ya fi kyau, amma dole ne a karanta lambar akan ma'auni: fim ɗin 23-micron a zahiri zai nuna ƙarfin ƙarfi fiye da fim ɗin 12-micron.
- Tsawaitawa a lokacin hutu - nisan fim ɗin kafin ya ɗauka, bayyana a matsayin kashi na ainihin tsawon sa. Fina-finan shimfiɗa na'ura yawanci suna nuna 200-400% elongation dangane da guduro da tsari. Higher elongation yana nufin fim ɗin zai iya ɗaukar ƙarin damuwa yayin rufewa da sufuri.
Abin da za a duba: masu ba da kaya waɗanda ke faɗin ƙarfin ƙarfi ba tare da faɗin ko yana kan yawan amfanin ƙasa ba ko kuma ya karye, ko wanda ya watsar da saurin gwajin da ma'auni. Ana gudanar da ASTM D882 akan ƙayyadaddun saurin giciye; kwatanta lambobi daga gudu daban-daban na yaudara ne. Ya kamata a tabbatar da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai tare da mai siyarwa.
Saukewa: ASTM D1709: Juriyar Tasirin Dart Drop
Wannan gwajin yana sauke dart mai nauyi akan samfurin fim ɗin da aka makale daga tsayin tsayi kuma yana yin rikodin yawan abin da ke haifar 50% na samfurori don kasawa. Yana kwatanta nau'in tasirin ma'ana da nauyin ɗigon fakitin ke fuskanta yayin sarrafawa - karon cokali mai yatsu, bugun kusurwa, ko kayan da aka sauke.
Don fim mai shimfiɗa inji, digon dart yana da dacewa musamman ga:
- Abubuwan da ba daidai ba tare da gefuna masu fitowa
- Pallets waɗanda ake yin mu'amala akai-akai ko docking
- Kayayyakin ƙima inda gazawar fim ke nufin lalacewa, ba kawai sake yin aiki ba
Ma'aunin sakamakon faɗuwar Dart tare da ma'auni da guduro. Fim na tushen 20-micron metallocene zai iya ƙetare fim ɗin LLDPE na al'ada 25-micron akan wannan gwajin.. Kar a ɗauka cewa ya fi kauri yana nufin ya fi ƙarfi; Nemi taro digon dart a ma'aunin da kuke siya.
Saukewa: ASTM D1922: Yada Hawaye Resistance (Elmendorf)
Da zarar an huda fim ko huda, yaya nisa hawaye ke tafiya? Saukewa: ASTM D1922, gwajin hawaye na Elmendorf, amsa wannan. An yayyage samfurin da aka riga aka yanke ta hanyar juzu'i mai juyawa, kuma ana auna ƙarfin da ake buƙata don yaɗa hawaye da gram ko Newtons.
Wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda lalacewar fina-finai na duniya ba da daɗewa ba ne mai tsaftataccen huda - hawaye ne da ke farawa daga kusurwa kuma yana gudana.. Fim ɗin da ke da juriya mai yawan yaɗa hawaye ya ƙunshi ɓarna a cikin gida maimakon ƙyale tsagewa don kwance rabin fakitin.. Don aikace-aikacen da suka haɗa da gefuna masu kaifi, hardware, ko samfurori marasa akwati, wannan gwajin yana da mahimmanci.
Saukewa: ASTM D5748: Protrusion Puncture Resistance
Yayin da dart drop yana simulates tasiri, ASTM D5748 yana amfani da bincike mai zagaye don tura ta cikin fim ɗin a cikin saurin sarrafawa, auna ƙarfin da makamashi da ake buƙata. Wannan gwajin yana da kyau yana wakiltar jinkirin, matsa lamba na kusurwar pallet ko gefen akwatin danna kan fim yayin ajiya da wucewa.
Juriyar huda shine bambanci tsakanin fim ɗin da ke dimples ya warke da wanda ya rabu. Don ma'ajiyar manyan-bayani da wuraren ajiya na atomatik inda pallets ke zama ƙarƙashin nauyin nasu na tsawan lokaci, wannan shine sau da yawa mafi mahimmancin gwaji a cikin ɗakin.
Saukewa: ASTM D5458: Cling Force
Cling shine abin da ke riƙe da fim ɗin kansa a kan pallet. Ba tare da isasshen mannewa ba, yadudduka zamewa, kunsa ya saki, da karfin rikewa ya ragu. ASTM D5458 yana auna ƙarfin da ake buƙata don raba yadudduka na fim guda biyu waɗanda aka danna tare a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayi.
Cling ya dogara da tsari, ba tsari ba. Ana ƙara shi ta hanyar takififififififififili a cikin shimfidar fata na waje kuma ana iya daidaita shi mai gefe ɗaya ko mai gefe biyu.. Dan kadan manne kuma palette ya buɗe; da yawa kuma fim ɗin yana manne da kansa akan nadi, haifar da matsaloli da sharar gida. Madaidaicin matakin manne ya dogara da samfurin ku, yanayin ajiya, da kuma nannade kayan aiki.
Gwaje-gwaje masu goyan baya: Haze, Coefficient of Friction, da Thermal Shrinkage
Bayan ainihin gwajin injiniyoyi, ƙarin ma'auni uku suna da amfani a takamaiman aikace-aikace:
- Saukewa: ASTM D1003 (Haze da Hasken Watsawa): yana auna ingancin gani. Yana da mahimmanci idan kuna buƙatar bincika lambar barcode ta cikin kunsa ko kuma idan kuna kimantawa fim mai shimfiɗa launi inda tint daidaito al'amura.
- Saukewa: ASTM D1894 (Coefficient of Friction): yana auna yadda sauƙin fim ɗin ke zamewa akan kanta ko saman kwali. Mahimmanci ga manyan layukan sauri inda ƙananan juzu'i ke hana cunkoso, kuma ga pallets masu tarin yawa inda babban gogayya ke ƙara kwanciyar hankali.
- Saukewa: ASTM D2732 (Ƙunƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙira): auna yawan kwangilar fim ɗin lokacin zafi. Abubuwan da suka dace don fina-finai da ake amfani da su a cikin yanayi mai dumi ko kusa da tushen zafi, kuma ga aikace-aikace inda raguwa bayan-nannade zai wuce-da-nauyi nauyin.
Yadda Ake Karanta Rahoton Gwajin Mai Bayarwa Kamar Mai Saye
Rahoton gwaji yana da amfani kawai idan kun san abin da kuke buƙata. Ga abin da ingantaccen rahoto ya kamata ya ƙunshi:
| Abun ciki | Abin da ake nema | Tutar Jar |
|---|---|---|
| Hanyar gwaji | Bayyana lambar ASTM da shekara (misali, Saukewa: ASTM D882-18) | Nassoshi mara tushe “daidaitattun hanyoyin gwaji” ba tare da lambar ASTM ba |
| Samfurin ma'auni | Micron ko mil kauri an bayyana tare da kowane sakamako | Sakamako da aka nakalto ba tare da ma'auni ba - fim mai kauri koyaushe yana gwada mafi girma |
| Yanayin gwaji | Zazzabi, zafi, gudun giciye, pre-miƙe jihar | Babu yanayin muhalli da aka jera |
| Hanyar | MD (hanyar injin) da TD (karkata hanya) dabi'u | Hanya daya ce kawai aka ruwaito; shimfidar fim din anisotropic ne |
| Girman samfurin | Adadin samfuran da aka gwada da daidaitattun sabawa | Da'awar samfur guda ɗaya da aka gabatar azaman garanti ta ƙayyadaddun bayanai |
| Kwanan wata da Lab | Kwanan gwajin kwanan nan da wurin gwaji da za a iya ganewa | Rahotannin da ba su da tushe ko sunayen lab da ba za a iya tantancewa ba |
Lokacin Gwajin Data Yafi Muhimmanci
Bayanai na ASTM sun fi daraja a cikin yanayin sayayya guda uku:
- Cancantar sabon mai kaya. Rahoton gwaji yana ba ku damar kwatanta ɗan takara A da ɗan takarar B akan ma'auni iri ɗaya, maimakon dogara ga tallace-tallace da'awar.
- Downgauging ko sauya dandali na guduro. Idan kana motsawa daga 20-micron zuwa fim din 17-micron, ko daga na al'ada zuwa metallocene LLDPE, bayanan gwaji sun nuna ko sabon fim ɗin ya yi daidai ko ya zarce na da a kan gwaje-gwajen da ke da mahimmanci don lodin ku.
- Sayi mike film jumbo rolls don juyawa. Masu juyawa suna buƙatar daidaitattun kaddarorin injina a cikin cikakken tsayin juyi. Mai ba da kaya wanda ke ba da bayanan gwaji na kowane-wuri tare da madaidaitan daidaitattun sabani shine sarrafa tsarin sigina wanda ke rage sharar gida da bambancin aikin ku na ƙasa..
Lissafin Sayi: ASTM-Tabbataccen Fim ɗin Gyara Injin
- An gano yanayin rashin nasara na farko na fim na yanzu (huda, hawaye, asarar jingina, wuya-ƙasa, karye?)
- Load bayanin martaba: nauyi, tsawo, kaifi baki, kulawa tsanani, lokacin ajiya
- Mai bayarwa ya nemi cikakken rahoton gwajin ASTM tare da shekarar hanya, ma'auni, yanayi, Ƙimar MD/TD, da girman samfurin
- Gwaje-gwajen maɓalli sun dace da yanayin gazawa: D5748 don huda, D1922 don hawaye, D882 don tarawa, Saukewa: D5458
- Sakamako idan aka kwatanta da ma'auni iri ɗaya, ba jujjuyawa ba
- Gefe-da-gefe gwajin pallet an amince, tare da ma'auni mai ƙarfi a saitunan kunsa iri ɗaya
- Gwajin ajiya an haɗa idan kaya sun zauna fiye da haka 30 kwanaki
- Rahoton gwajin kwanan watan ciki 12 watanni kuma daga dakin gwaje-gwaje da za a iya tabbatarwa ko kayan aikin cikin gida
Kuskuren Sayayya na gama-gari tare da Bayanan Gwaji
- Kwatanta sakamako a ma'auni daban-daban. Fim ɗin 23-micron koyaushe zai nuna ƙarfi mai ƙarfi fiye da fim ɗin 17-micron. Kwatanta dabi'u na yau da kullun ko gwadawa a ma'auni iri ɗaya.
- Yin watsi da jagora. Fim ɗin shimfiɗa na'ura ya fi ƙarfi a cikin jagorar injin fiye da jagorar mai juyawa. Mai kaya wanda ke ba da rahoton ƙimar MD kawai yana ɓoye mafi raunin alkibla.
- Magance gwaji ɗaya a matsayin wakili ga komai. Ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi baya bada garantin juriyar huda. Kowane gwaji yana auna yanayin gazawa daban.
- Karbar rahotannin da suka gabata. Resin kuri'a yana canzawa, layukan layi suna tafiya, da formulations tasowa. Nemi bayanai daga yawan samarwa da za ku samu a zahiri.
- Tsallake gwajin pallet. Samfuran dakin gwaje-gwaje suna da lebur kuma masu tsabta. Pallets na gaske suna da datti, kaifi, da rashin daidaituwa. Bayanan gwaji yana taƙaita filin; Gwajin pallet sun tabbatar da mai nasara.
Key Takeaways
- Hanyoyin gwajin ASTM suna ba da daidaitattun daidaito, kwatankwacin hanya don kimanta aikin shimfida fim ɗin inji kafin ya isa layin ku.
- Saukewa: ASTM D882 (tensile / elongation), D1709 (faduwa), D1922 (hawaye), D5748 (huda), da D5458 (jingina) su ne ainihin gwaje-gwajen da ke taswira kai tsaye zuwa yanayin gazawar duniya.
- Koyaushe kwatanta bayanan gwaji a ma'auni iri ɗaya, a duka na'ura da kuma karkata kwatance, tare da bayyana yanayin gwaji.
- Rahoton gwaji ya ƙunsar filin mai kaya; Gwaje-gwajen pallet na nannade suna tabbatar da ainihin fim ɗin da ke kan lodin ku.
- Nemi bayanan gwaji na baya-bayan nan daga takamaiman adadin samarwa da zaku karɓa, ba takamaiman tallace-tallacen tallace-tallace ba.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Wanne gwajin ASTM shine mafi mahimmanci ga fim ɗin shimfiɗa na'ura?
Babu gwaji mafi mahimmanci guda ɗaya - ya dogara da yanayin gazawar ku. Idan fim yana hawaye akan sasanninta masu kaifi, Mai ba da fifiko ga ASTM D5748 (huda) da D1922 (yaduwar hawaye). Idan fim ɗin ya ɗauka yayin rufewa, Mai ba da fifiko ga ASTM D882 (tensile / elongation). Idan kaya sun canza zuwa wucewa, Mai ba da fifiko ga ASTM D5458 (jingina) da kuma gudanar da bincike na rundunar tsaro.
Zan iya amincewa da bayanan gwajin cikin gida na mai kaya?
Ee, idan mai kaya ya bi tsarin ASTM daidai kuma yana ba da cikakkun yanayin gwaji. Yawancin masana'antun suna gudanar da dakunan gwaje-gwaje masu inganci a cikin gida tare da ingantattun kayan aiki. Nemi hanyar, ma'auni, girman samfurin, da daidaitattun sabawa. Mai kaya wanda ya yi shakkar raba waɗannan bayanan sigina ce don duba wani wuri.
Menene bambanci tsakanin ƙimar gwajin MD da TD?
MD (hanyar injin) ita ce alkiblar da aka fitar da fim din; TD (karkata hanya) yana fadin yanar gizo. Fim ɗin shimfiɗa na inji yawanci ya fi ƙarfi a cikin MD saboda tsarin daidaitawa. Dukansu kwatance suna da mahimmanci saboda nauyin pallet yana ƙarfafa fim ɗin a wurare da yawa yayin sarrafawa da sufuri.
Sau nawa yakamata a sabunta bayanan gwajin?
Domin ci gaba da kwangilolin wadata, nemi takardar shedar bincike tare da kowane bayarwa ko a mafi ƙarancin kwata. Idan mai sayarwa ya canza tushen guduro, ma'auni, ko daidaita layi, ya kamata a samar da sabon bayanan gwaji kafin jigilar samfuran da aka canza.
Shin ina buƙatar duk gwajin ASTM don kowane siye??
A'a. Mayar da hankali kan gwaje-gwajen da ke taswira zuwa sanannun yanayin gazawar ku. Mai siye da ke naɗe da ingantaccen kayan kwali a cikin ma'ajin da ke sarrafa yanayi yana buƙatar ƙarancin gwaje-gwaje fiye da mai siye da ke jigilar kayan aiki mai kaifi ta hanyar yanayin zafi.. Ya kamata a tabbatar da ainihin ɗakin gwaji tare da mai kaya bisa ga aikace-aikacenku.
Shin mafi girma elongation ko da yaushe mafi alhẽri?
Ba lallai ba ne. Babban elongation na iya nufin fim ɗin yana buɗewa cikin sauƙi amma ya dawo da kyau, haifar da annashuwa nannade kan lokaci. Abin da ke da mahimmanci shine ma'auni tsakanin elongation da farfadowa na roba - nawa daga cikin shimfiɗar fim ɗin ya dawo daga bayan nannade.. Dangane da tsarin injin, Ana iya tabbatar da wannan ma'auni ta hanyar gwajin ɗaukar nauyi.
Kammalawa
Hanyoyin gwaji na ASTM ba ƙayyadaddun gwaje-gwaje ba ne - su ne mafi kusancin abin da masu siye ke da samfoti na ayyuka. Fahimtar waɗanne ne ke gwada taswira zuwa waɗanne hanyoyin gazawar duniya, neman cikakken yanayin gwaji, kuma tabbatar da lambobin lab tare da gwajin pallet shine yadda ƙungiyoyin sayayya ke motsawa daga siye kan farashi zuwa siye akan ingantaccen aiki..
Idan kuna buƙatar fim ɗin shimfiɗa na'ura tare da bayanan gwajin ASTM da aka rubuta don bayanan martabar pallet ɗinku - ko kuna son gwaji na gefe-gefe akan fim ɗin da kuke aiki - aika dalla-dalla na nauyin nauyin ku da rahotannin gwaji na yanzu., kuma za mu daidaita ma'aunin fim da ya dace da ma'aunin aikin ku.
